Mechanised mining techniques pdf

It is a broad category as it includes different types of mining methods such as strip mining, openpit mining, mountaintop removal and dredging. The following mechanization technologies, among others, have been implemented in south african platinum mines with varying. It means that owners can be generating revenue earlier in the life of the mine, whilst enjoying the productivity, cost and safety enhancements that mechanised mining brings. Mechanised mining offers the best of both worldsrapid development with faster access to new reserves, and far fewer personnel involved at the active face.

Pooley turgis consulting the paper describes the issues that should be considered when introducing mechanization to a mining operation. An overview of data mining techniques excerpted from the book by alex berson, stephen smith, and kurt thearling building data mining applications for crm introduction this overview provides a description of some of the most common data mining algorithms in use today. The goal of this tutorial is to provide an introduction to data mining techniques. Why it doesnt make sense that all informal mining is deemed.

This report highlights the coal mining methods, their significances, issues of. Homemms mining mechanised mining, conventional mining. Mechanical bolts are considered temporary support as their lifespan is. Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits. There have been some notable successes in the development of mechanical underground excavation in hardrock. Making use of an extensive range of industrial engineering tools and techniques, a solution. Introduction to mineral processing download ebook pdf, epub. Coal mining in new zealand royal commission on the pike river. Mechanised shaft sinking free download as powerpoint presentation.

The focus will be on methods appropriate for mining massive datasets using. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Artisanal and smallscale mining more than million people in the south are directly engaged in smallscale mining many of whom are women and children with another 80 to 100 million depending on it for some aspect of thei livelihood. Data mining has importance regarding finding the patterns, forecasting, discovery of knowledge etc. Underground drill and blast techniques continue to be refined but true mass production is difficult to achieve. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. Data mining, in contrast, is data driven in the sense that patterns are automatically extracted from data. Allowing the mine to achieve trackless mechanised stoping at heights below 1. In some west african countries mali, niger and burkina faso, smallscale mining is differentiated from artisanal mining by the presence of permanent, fixed installations established once the existence of an ore body is confirmed. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions.

The method has evolved at each mine to meet the unique situations associated with their milling procedure. This man uscript is based on a forthcoming b o ok b y jia w ei han and mic heline kam b er, c 2000 c morgan kaufmann publishers. Representing the data by fewer clusters necessarily loses certain fine details, but achieves simplification. Pdf mechanised shield tunnelling download full pdf book. Mechanised mining solutions prides itself with the skill set of over 60 years of experience acquired by our management team across the mining industry as a whole. Mechanised shield tunnelling has developed considerably since the publication of the first edition of this book. The majority of south african coal mining is done using openpit methods 53. Scalping of pillars remote drilling, rock splitting and hammering. Data mining data mining techniques data mining applications literature. The company has operated in and adapted to the mining industry during the era of change in the labour market, the commodity market and global economic conditions.

Pdf the application of refrigeration in mechanised mines. But data mining is not limited to automated analysis. Mechanised mining south africa pros and cons products. Mining development had occurred at avoca in the 18th and 19 centuries using relatively primitive means that focussed on higher grade ore. Raise, blind and shaft boring offer mechanised solutions for excavations such as. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. Underground brokk mining services abutment or dyke mining tunnel through unsafe ground conditionsremotely. Another third is done underground using largely mechanised bord and pillar. Other examples of mechanised mining include silvermines and gortdrum, both in co. Langston consultant abstract underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. Concepts and t ec hniques jia w ei han and mic heline kam ber simon f raser univ ersit y note. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep hard. Challenging tunnel projects under difficult conditions demand innovative solutions, which has led to constant further development and innovation in process technology, constructions operations and the machines and materials used.

Surface mining is used when deposits of the mineral or ore are found near the surface, where the overburden gravel and sand is relatively thin. Extrapolating this across the industry as a whole to its currently working and dormant mines profitable goldmining operations might be expected to continue well beyond the year 2045. Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient. In some operations where mine mechanisation technology was tried the performance was poor resulting in discontinuation, conversion to hybrid mining method. Selection of an appropriate mechanized mining technical. Why it doesnt make sense that all informal mining is deemed illegal. Advanced techniques for the monitoring of pillar and. A framework for the introduction of mechanized mining. Several parameters should be considered in mmtp evaluation, so the. The centre for mechanised mining systems offers a broad range of courses presenting the latest thinking in terms of developing and managing technology interventions.

Jan 01, 2000 mechanization of underground mining, particularly mechanization of the excavation process, is an objective that can result in significant cost reductions and higher levels of profitability for underground mines. Optimisation of a mechanised platinum mining section by chris evan franklin. A a m mechanised mining solutions phone and map of address. Review of successes and failures of mechanisation trials. The application of refrigeration in mechanised mines has been recently described brake, 2001. An appropriate mmtp is closely related to safety, productivity, labour intensity, and efficiency. Pdf artisanal mining is basic mining characterised by manually intensive work methods utilising primitive or simple equipment conducted by individuals. The changeover to mechanised mining saw the introduction of bord and pillar mining using initially an apparent dip destressing method following dip of the reef which was then modified to a horizontal destressing. Clustering is a division of data into groups of similar objects. Mechanization of underground mining, particularly mechanization of the excavation process, is an objective that can result in significant cost reductions and higher levels of profitability for underground mines. In his keynote at massmin 2016, fidel baez nunez, head of technology and innovation at. Livermore software technology corporation lstc, 2003, lsdyna keyword users manual, lstc.

Centre for mechanised mining systems wits university. In manual or semimechanized operations, the coal is undercut. The geotechnical evolution of deep level mechanised destress. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. Review of successes and failures of mechanisation trials on. Data mining techniques and algorithms such as classification, clustering etc. Surface mines are typically used for more shallow and less valuable deposits. Mechanised small to medium mining mechanised mining techniques commonly involve the use of hydraulic excavators or wheeled loaders feeding gravel wash through a trommel with gold recovery being achieved by a range of techniques from simple sluices to sluices with hydraulic riffles through to complex jig and knudsen. These activities are often both illegal and environmentally damaging, and dangerous for. This paper provides an overview of some of the important engineering. Hence, the evaluation of alternative mmtp is an important part of the mining design. A a m mechanised mining solutions, mining services.

Survey of clustering data mining techniques pavel berkhin accrue software, inc. The focus will be on methods appropriate for mining massive datasets using techniques from scalable and high performance computing. Underhand cut and fill mining as practiced in three deep. Optimisation of a mechanised platinum mining section by chris evan franklin 25046952 submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of bachelors of industrial engineering in the faculty of engineering, built environment and information technology university of pretoria pretoria october 2008. Knowledge discovery by humans can be enhanced by graphical tools and identification of unexpected patterns through a combination of human and computer interaction. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any sizereduction requirements including, mechanised mining south africa pros and cons, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals. Large scale mechanised mining methods we use include.

Scaling and secondary breaking at the developingface. Mechanised destress mining history mechanised destress mining apparent dip the mechanised apparent dip destress method started in 2008. Mechanised definition of mechanised by the free dictionary. Data mining can be used by businesses in many ways. Underhand cut and fill mining methods are used at the lucky friday, stillwater, and galena mines in the western us in an effort to safely mine in difficult ground conditions and as a primary mining method where access below the ore is limited. A framework for the introduction of mechanized mining r. Nov 02, 2011 underground mining, underground mining methods. A framework for the introduction of mechanized mining saimm. It is important to note that the abovementioned methods of mechanization are currently being used only on the ug2 reef horizon. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to. This was the first mechanized destress method implemented and it involved mining a combination of apparent dip drives to excavate the target destress cut horizon in the plane of the reef see figure 4. This is an indication of the benefits of using fullmechanised mining techniques operating 247. Future mining underground encompasses everything from haulage to mine planning to networks, and is an area where all the major mining companies and many of the smaller ones are focussing, both to maximise production efficiency and increase safety. The annual quarry production capacity is estimated at approximately 3 million tonnes of gypsum.

Optimisation of a mechanised platinum mining section. We have broken the discussion into two sections, each with a specific theme. Mechanised mining method refers to the use of trackless mechanised mining tmm equipment for both development and stope mining. These include drilling for blast holes, rock support holes and cleaning. Postgraduate studies the cmms coordinates two specialised master of science in engineering msceng programmes focusing on critical systems in mechanised mining. Practice and prospect of fully mechanised mining technology for. In ghana however, assm was defined in small scale gold mining law 1998 pndcl 218 as mining by any method not involving substantial expenditure by an individual or group not.

As is evidenced by the longwall mining of coal, alternative mining methods based on mechanised mining can meet the expectations but the issues of how to effectively cut strong rocks, how to define the orebody and how the. Rehabilitation of old abandon tunnels and fall of ground clean ups. Tipperary and three metal mines continue to operate. Bench mining method utilising manual labour and mechanised. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. South deep changed from partial conventional mechanised mining to full trackless mechanised mining in 2008, joughin et al 2011. South deep changed from partial conventionalmechanised mining to full trackless mechanised mining in 2008, joughin et al 2011. Use of labour is much lower as compared to hybrid and conventional mining methods. Mechanized mining could revive output in south africa the. The geotechnical evolution of deep level mechanised. Placer mining is used to sift out valuable metals from sediments in river channels, beach sands, or other environments. The gypsum is produced from a depth of m with tunnels stretching a total of 670 km. Final research project for submission external exm. Mechanised small to medium mining mechanised mining techniques commonly involve the use of hydraulic excavators or wheeled loaders feeding gravel wash through a trommel with gold recovery being achieved by a range of techniques from simple sluices to sluices with hydraulic riffles through to.